ЗАЩИТА ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ НА РЫНКАХ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ КОММЕРЦИИ: ВЫЗОВЫ, ПАТЕНТНЫЕ ТРОЛЛИ И ПЕРЕДОВЫЕ ПРАКТИКИ
Ключевые слова:
интеллектуальная собственность, торговые площадки электронной коммерции, патентные тролли, ответственность торговых площадок, нарушение прав на товарные знаки
Аннотация
Рассмотрены проблемы защиты прав интеллектуальной собственности (ИС) в контексте платформ электронной коммерции с особым акцентом на растущую проблему патентных троллей, а также трудности, с которыми сталкиваются предприятия и потребители при обеспечении и защите прав ИС в современном цифровом ландшафте. В исследовании представлен всесторонний анализ современной экосистемы рынка электронной коммерции и правовых и технологических механизмов, используемых для борьбы с нарушениями прав ИС. Анализируются соответствующие тематические исследования, нормативно-правовая база и научная литература, чтобы предложить целостное понимание темы. Полученные результаты позволяют увидеть усложняющуюся среду электронной коммерции, в которой платформы стали основными посредниками в глобальной онлайн-торговле. Однако это удобство породило серьезные проблемы, в том числе использование системных уязвимостей патентными троллями. Эти организации часто подают необоснованные иски о нарушении ИС, в частности, нацеливаясь на предприятия (от крупных корпораций до небольших стартапов), у которых может не хватить финансовых ресурсов для оспаривания таких исков в суде. Результатами являются финансовый ущерб, подавление инноваций и нарушение честной конкуренции на рынке.
Подчеркивается передовой опыт защиты прав ИС, рекомендуются усовершенствованные технологии мониторинга, прозрачные процедуры изъятия, улучшение международного правового сотрудничества и проактивные корпоративные стратегии. Способствуя сотрудничеству между правообладателями ИС, правительствами и платформами электронной коммерции, а также используя передовые технологии, такие как искусственный интеллект и аналитика больших данных, автор стремится представить дорожную карту для смягчения последствий нарушений ИС в онлайн-торговле и решения проблем, создаваемых патентными троллями. Подчеркивается необходимость реформы патентной системы, укрепления нормативной базы и более четкого распределения обязанностей между заинтересованными сторонами для эффективной борьбы с нарушениями ИС и создания более безопасной и инновационной экосистемы электронной коммерции.
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Литература
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Salmerón-Manzano E. Laws and emerging technologies // Laws. 2021. Vol. 10. № 2. P. 46. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/laws10020046 date of access: 12.2025).
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Nawab D. Do e-commerce platforms provide safety to trademark owners against infringement?: a comparative study between India and China // Int'l JL Mgmt. & Human. 2023. Vol. 6. № 1. P. 219.
Pokrovskaya A. Liability for trademark infringement on e-commerce marketplaces // Int'l JL Changing World. 2023. Vol. 2. P. 88.
Cohen L., Gurun U., Kominersa S. Patent trolls: evidence from targeted firms // Management Science. 2019. Vol. 65. № 12. P. 5461–5486. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3147 (date of access: 12.2025).
Leistner M. Structural aspects of secondary (provider) liability in Europe // Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice. 2014. Vol. 9. № 1. P. 75–90. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpt213 (date of access: 12.2025).
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Allgrove B., Groom J. Enforcement in a digital context: intermediary liability // Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks. 2020. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785368349.00035 (date of access: 12.2025).
Beconcini P. Online marketplaces’ liability for counterfeiting: a comparative overview of the American, European, and Chinese legal systems // The IP Litigator: Devoted to Intellectual Property Litigation and Enforcement. 2014. Vol. 20. No. 5. P. 20.
Frosio G. From horizontal to vertical: an intermediary liability earthquake in Europe // Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice. 2017. Vol. 12. № 7. P. 565–575. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpx061 (date of access: 12.2025).
Adler M., Crisp K., Goldman J., Klein S. E-commerce litigation // The IP Litigator: Devoted to Intellectual Property Litigation and Enforcement. 2014. Vol. 20. No. 5. P. 34.
Choi J., Gerlach H. A model of patent trolls // International Economic Review (Philadelphia). 2018. Vol. 59. No. 4. P. 2075–2106. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/iere.12330 (date of access: 12.2025).
Chen F., Hou Y., Qiu J., Richardson G. Chilling effects of patent trolls // Research Policy. 2023. Vol. 52. No. 3. P. 104702. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2022.104702 (date of access: 12.2025).
Haber S., Werfel S. Patent trolls as financial intermediaries? Experimental evidence // Economics Letters. 2016. Vol. 149. P. 64–66. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2016.10.002 (date of access: 12.2025).
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Hammond H., Cohen J. Intellectual property issues in e-commerce // Texas Wesleyan Law Review. 2012. Vol. 18. No. 4. P. 743–752. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.37419/TWLR.V18.I4.4 (date of access: 12.2025).
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Mariniello M. Online Content and platform liability // Digital Economic Policy. 2022. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831471.003.0009 (date of access: 12.2025).
McCoy M., Spence A. E-commerce and the internet: the continuing evolution of the worldwide patent frontier // The IP Litigator: Devoted to Intellectual Property Litigation and Enforcement. 2006. Vol. 12. No. 3. P. 1.
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Pokrovskaya A. Intermediaries liability for copyright infringement: application of the “safe harbor” model // E3S Web of Conferences. 2023. Vol. 420. P. 6046.
Salmerón-Manzano E. Laws and emerging technologies // Laws. 2021. Vol. 10. № 2. P. 46. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/laws10020046 date of access: 12.2025).
Jie W. How to utilize notice-and-takedown procedures in IP enforcement on e-commerce platforms — a lesson from China // Asia Pacific Law Review. 2021. Vol. 29, № 2. P. 243–263. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/10192557.2022.2033082 (date of access: 12.2025).
Pesic G. Surviving and thriving in the digital economy // The School of Public Policy Publications (Online). 2018. Vol. 11. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.11575/sppp.v11i0.43356 (date of access: 12.2025).
Nawab D. Do e-commerce platforms provide safety to trademark owners against infringement?: a comparative study between India and China // Int'l JL Mgmt. & Human. 2023. Vol. 6. № 1. P. 219.
Pokrovskaya A. Liability for trademark infringement on e-commerce marketplaces // Int'l JL Changing World. 2023. Vol. 2. P. 88.
Cohen L., Gurun U., Kominersa S. Patent trolls: evidence from targeted firms // Management Science. 2019. Vol. 65. № 12. P. 5461–5486. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3147 (date of access: 12.2025).
Leistner M. Structural aspects of secondary (provider) liability in Europe // Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice. 2014. Vol. 9. № 1. P. 75–90. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpt213 (date of access: 12.2025).
Beconcini P. Online marketplaces’ liability for counterfeiting: a comparative overview of the American, European, and Chinese legal systems // The IP Litigator: Devoted to Intellectual Property Litigation and Enforcement. 2014. Vol. 20. No. 5. P. 20.
Frosio G. From horizontal to vertical: an intermediary liability earthquake in Europe // Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice. 2017. Vol. 12. № 7. P. 565–575. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpx061 (date of access: 12.2025).
Adler M., Crisp K., Goldman J., Klein S. E-commerce litigation // The IP Litigator: Devoted to Intellectual Property Litigation and Enforcement. 2014. Vol. 20. No. 5. P. 34.
Choi J., Gerlach H. A model of patent trolls // International Economic Review (Philadelphia). 2018. Vol. 59. No. 4. P. 2075–2106. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/iere.12330 (date of access: 12.2025).
Chen F., Hou Y., Qiu J., Richardson G. Chilling effects of patent trolls // Research Policy. 2023. Vol. 52. No. 3. P. 104702. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2022.104702 (date of access: 12.2025).
Haber S., Werfel S. Patent trolls as financial intermediaries? Experimental evidence // Economics Letters. 2016. Vol. 149. P. 64–66. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2016.10.002 (date of access: 12.2025).
Dayani A. Patent Trolls and the market for acquisitions // Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis. 2023. Vol. 58. No. 7. P. 2928–2958. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109023000078 (date of access: 12.2025).
Hammond H., Cohen J. Intellectual property issues in e-commerce // Texas Wesleyan Law Review. 2012. Vol. 18. No. 4. P. 743–752. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.37419/TWLR.V18.I4.4 (date of access: 12.2025).
Huang W., Li X. The E-commerce law of the people’s republic of china: e-commerce platform operators liability for third-party patent infringement // The Computer Law and Security Report. 2019. Vol. 35. No. 6. P. 105347.
[Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2019.105347 (date of access: 12.2025).
Mariniello M. Online Content and platform liability // Digital Economic Policy. 2022. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831471.003.0009 (date of access: 12.2025).
McCoy M., Spence A. E-commerce and the internet: the continuing evolution of the worldwide patent frontier // The IP Litigator: Devoted to Intellectual Property Litigation and Enforcement. 2006. Vol. 12. No. 3. P. 1.
Ndubizu G., Arinze B. Legal determinants of the global spread of e-commerce // International Journal of Information Management. 2002. Vol. 22. No 3. P. 181–194. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-4012(02)00004-X (date of access: 12.2025).
Pokrovskaya A. Intermediaries liability for copyright infringement: application of the “safe harbor” model // E3S Web of Conferences. 2023. Vol. 420. P. 6046.
Salmerón-Manzano E. Laws and emerging technologies // Laws. 2021. Vol. 10. № 2. P. 46. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/laws10020046 date of access: 12.2025).
Jie W. How to utilize notice-and-takedown procedures in IP enforcement on e-commerce platforms — a lesson from China // Asia Pacific Law Review. 2021. Vol. 29, № 2. P. 243–263. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/10192557.2022.2033082 (date of access: 12.2025).
Pesic G. Surviving and thriving in the digital economy // The School of Public Policy Publications (Online). 2018. Vol. 11. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.11575/sppp.v11i0.43356 (date of access: 12.2025).
Nawab D. Do e-commerce platforms provide safety to trademark owners against infringement?: a comparative study between India and China // Int'l JL Mgmt. & Human. 2023. Vol. 6. № 1. P. 219.
Pokrovskaya A. Liability for trademark infringement on e-commerce marketplaces // Int'l JL Changing World. 2023. Vol. 2. P. 88.
Cohen L., Gurun U., Kominersa S. Patent trolls: evidence from targeted firms // Management Science. 2019. Vol. 65. № 12. P. 5461–5486. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3147 (date of access: 12.2025).
Leistner M. Structural aspects of secondary (provider) liability in Europe // Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice. 2014. Vol. 9. № 1. P. 75–90. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpt213 (date of access: 12.2025).
REFERENCES
Allgrove B., Groom J. Enforcement in a digital context: intermediary liability // Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks. 2020. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785368349.00035 (date of access: 12.2025).
Beconcini P. Online marketplaces’ liability for counterfeiting: a comparative overview of the American, European, and Chinese legal systems // The IP Litigator: Devoted to Intellectual Property Litigation and Enforcement. 2014. Vol. 20. No. 5. P. 20.
Frosio G. From horizontal to vertical: an intermediary liability earthquake in Europe // Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice. 2017. Vol. 12. № 7. P. 565–575. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpx061 (date of access: 12.2025).
Adler M., Crisp K., Goldman J., Klein S. E-commerce litigation // The IP Litigator: Devoted to Intellectual Property Litigation and Enforcement. 2014. Vol. 20. No. 5. P. 34.
Choi J., Gerlach H. A model of patent trolls // International Economic Review (Philadelphia). 2018. Vol. 59. No. 4. P. 2075–2106. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/iere.12330 (date of access: 12.2025).
Chen F., Hou Y., Qiu J., Richardson G. Chilling effects of patent trolls // Research Policy. 2023. Vol. 52. No. 3. P. 104702. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2022.104702 (date of access: 12.2025).
Haber S., Werfel S. Patent trolls as financial intermediaries? Experimental evidence // Economics Letters. 2016. Vol. 149. P. 64–66. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2016.10.002 (date of access: 12.2025).
Dayani A. Patent Trolls and the market for acquisitions // Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis. 2023. Vol. 58. No. 7. P. 2928–2958. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109023000078 (date of access: 12.2025).
Hammond H., Cohen J. Intellectual property issues in e-commerce // Texas Wesleyan Law Review. 2012. Vol. 18. No. 4. P. 743–752. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.37419/TWLR.V18.I4.4 (date of access: 12.2025).
Huang W., Li X. The E-commerce law of the people’s republic of china: e-commerce platform operators liability for third-party patent infringement // The Computer Law and Security Report. 2019. Vol. 35. No. 6. P. 105347.
[Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2019.105347 (date of access: 12.2025).
Mariniello M. Online Content and platform liability // Digital Economic Policy. 2022. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831471.003.0009 (date of access: 12.2025).
McCoy M., Spence A. E-commerce and the internet: the continuing evolution of the worldwide patent frontier // The IP Litigator: Devoted to Intellectual Property Litigation and Enforcement. 2006. Vol. 12. No. 3. P. 1.
Ndubizu G., Arinze B. Legal determinants of the global spread of e-commerce // International Journal of Information Management. 2002. Vol. 22. No 3. P. 181–194. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-4012(02)00004-X (date of access: 12.2025).
Pokrovskaya A. Intermediaries liability for copyright infringement: application of the “safe harbor” model // E3S Web of Conferences. 2023. Vol. 420. P. 6046.
Salmerón-Manzano E. Laws and emerging technologies // Laws. 2021. Vol. 10. № 2. P. 46. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/laws10020046 date of access: 12.2025).
Jie W. How to utilize notice-and-takedown procedures in IP enforcement on e-commerce platforms — a lesson from China // Asia Pacific Law Review. 2021. Vol. 29, № 2. P. 243–263. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/10192557.2022.2033082 (date of access: 12.2025).
Pesic G. Surviving and thriving in the digital economy // The School of Public Policy Publications (Online). 2018. Vol. 11. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.11575/sppp.v11i0.43356 (date of access: 12.2025).
Nawab D. Do e-commerce platforms provide safety to trademark owners against infringement?: a comparative study between India and China // Int'l JL Mgmt. & Human. 2023. Vol. 6. № 1. P. 219.
Pokrovskaya A. Liability for trademark infringement on e-commerce marketplaces // Int'l JL Changing World. 2023. Vol. 2. P. 88.
Cohen L., Gurun U., Kominersa S. Patent trolls: evidence from targeted firms // Management Science. 2019. Vol. 65. № 12. P. 5461–5486. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3147 (date of access: 12.2025).
Leistner M. Structural aspects of secondary (provider) liability in Europe // Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice. 2014. Vol. 9. № 1. P. 75–90. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpt213 (date of access: 12.2025).
Опубликован
2026-03-12
Раздел
Права интеллектуальной собственности
