THE CREATION OF STATEHOOD IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE ANCIENT WORLD - ANCIENT ATHENS, ANCIENT ROME, AS WELL AS BYZANTIUM, ALREADY AS A DEVIATION FROM THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE

Abstract

The creation of statehood in the countries of the ancient world - ancient Athens, ancient Rome and Byzantium.

Democracy, as a form of political organization of the urban community (polis) in ancient Athens, became a way to solve the problem of confrontation between different forces of society by looking for the possibility of their rapprochement, focusing on the only, important for all, goal - the achievement of the common good of the polis. The work shows how these attempts of interaction developed and what result was achieved as a result.

Another experience in solving the problem of the opposition of the forces of society was obtained in ancient Rome. This form becomes the sole power of the emperor, allowing to unite a significantly expanded space. But at the same time, in Rome, the need to unite the opposing forces is also realized, therefore, representatives of the parties fighting for their rights are allowed to rule, thus causing a mixed form of statehood. An instrument of communication between the first person and society was also found. It becomes the system of Roman Law.

The third experience of creating statehood in the territory associated with the ancient world took place in Byzantium. Arising as the heir to the Roman Empire, she adopted a number of features of the imperial rule of Rome. However, the expansion of the territory of the country, where people lived not only close to the culture of antiquity, but also the peoples of other civilizations, determined the course of development of society and statehood, which acquired the features of other types of cultures and, above all, Eastern civilizations, which ultimately affected the fate of Byzantium as predetermining the departure from its fundamental principles and the onset of the final of the empire.