CONSTITUTIONAL IDEAS BY ACADEMICIAN ANDREY SAKHAROV: VIEW FROM DIGITAL EPOCH

Abstract

In the article dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Nobel Peace Prize winner, an outstanding physicist and human rights activist, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences Andrey Sakharov, an attempt is made to analyze the provisions of the constitutional draft prepared by him shortly before his death in 1989. The project is considered in the general context of Sakharov's theoretical legacy, including his work in the field of futures research. As an example of a foresight study, the article “The World in Half a Century” written in the spring of 1974 is used, and therefore, the forecast is due in 2024.

The article analyzes in detail Sakharov's proposals for the transformation of the USSR into a new state — the Union of Soviet Republics of Europe and Asia. The motives that prompted the author to propose just such a name for the reformed state, as well as his views on what the foundations of the constitutional system should be, the legal status of the individual, the national state structure, the system of state authorities are considered.

The constitutional ideas embodied in the draft Sakharov Constitution are analyzed in the context of the experience of constitutional construction accumulated in our country in recent years and in conjunction with such modern challenges for the human rights system as digitalization and confrontation.